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What characterizes left heart failure?

Increased cardiac output and decreased pulmonary edema

Impairment of the left side of the heart leading to decreased cardiac output

Left heart failure is characterized by the impairment of the left side of the heart, which leads to decreased cardiac output. In this condition, the left ventricle is unable to pump blood effectively to the body, resulting in insufficient blood flow to meet the body's demands. This decreased output can lead to fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms associated with poor circulation.

Moreover, this impaired function can cause blood to back up into the lungs due to the inability to effectively move blood forward, contributing to pulmonary congestion and edema. Therefore, the core aspect of left heart failure is the reduced capacity of the heart to pump adequately, which is captured in the statement about decreased cardiac output. This distinction is crucial for understanding the implications of left heart failure on overall cardiovascular function and the subsequent systemic effects.

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Complete heart block resulting in high blood pressure

Reduced pulmonary circulation with increased right heart workload

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